another essay

Artikel ini dibuat dalam rangka memenuhi tugas kuliah, tema dipilih berdasar data yang sudah tersedia, tidak berarti penulis absolut mengiyakan argumen dalam tulisannya. Terima kasih How Influential The Western Is People have been knowing about the differences between eastern and western through mass media. This mass media is divided into printed media such as magazines or newspapers and electronic media such as televisions and internet. As people have understood, western is portrayed as the white-skin race while eastern is portrayed as coloured-skin race. Yet, the terms ‘western’ and ‘eastern’ here are distinguished by geographical determination. Geographically, western is defined as Europe and American continent, continents in which the white-skin race is staying. Inversely, eastern is defined as Asia and Africa continent (Eigenauer 2006:3). However, people use to value that western is more advance than eastern in the basis of cultural side, economical side and political side. Thus this idea is enchanted to be discussed by giving several proofs. Western culture is prestigious while Eastern’s is poor in quality. Infact, most of influential phenomena come from western countries. Indeed, they influence many rules as if western culture has became universal culture all over the world, whether it is a trivial phenomenon or not. Example of western culture which has became universal is the birthday party. Its influence is supported by the spreading method. Hommi K.Bhabha through his Location of Culture (1994) asserted that the spreading of culture is done through two strategies; transnational and translational. Transnational is the aspect in which western people migrate –moving from homeland to another country- thus they carry out their western culture in the new place. Birthday party was brought by western’s colonials who were moving and imperializing the colonized countries. Indeed, even those colonized countries are not catagerized as western, they adopt birthday party as one of habbit. Translational, then, is the aspect in which western people use media as tool for campaigning their western culture. If transnational covers the existence of transportation for making the migration easier , translational covers the existence of mass media to scatter the culture (Bhabha 141). Birthday party has been socialized through mass media as if this habbit is universal. Western empowers this aspect because they have better technology than eastern. Indeed, they are able to influence global culture easier. From economic point of view, Western is more stabil than Eastern because of the existence of western’s big companies and the opening of global trade. Asian countries, as the eastern countries geographically, follows the idea of “network of supportive social relationships” (Eigenauer 4). It makes the eastern marketing low because they put social relationships higher than the aim for getting. It is different with western marketing system that put “one’s part in achieving collective ends” (4) in which the trade does not have to be handled by many thinkers. Western prioritizes quality of both product and officer’s skill. Indeed, many international companies come from western countries. Their products such as Intel, Adidas, Windows series, Iphone, Ford and many others are famous in the global trade. It is because western has good marketing strategy. However, liberalism has influenced western to be unyielding to achieve good marketing. The motivation comes from the ideology of “American dream” which is described as desire for pursuiting good economical condition. It alleges that most of Americans have good financial condition due to their spirit and effort of earning money (Tyson 56) Through political point of view then, Western countries have more authority power than Eastern countries due to the prevailing policy and the prestige. Said through his Orientalism (1977) argued that Eastern is supposed to be the orient –colonized- while Western is supposed to be the occident –colonizer- (5). Indeed, western use to be powerful thus they have stabil political condition. Besides, many international agreements were influenced by the existence of western countries. In PBB for instance, four of five nations which are given right for deciding ‘veto’ are western countries; America, England, Russian, and France. China is the only one eastern country who is given right for ‘veto’. Western countries have more superiority than the eastern through cultural, economical and political point of views. Western culture is influential thus it is imitated by the eastern. Economically, western is the strongest due to the existence of its big companies. Besides, western is also influential in politic world. Indeed, these arguments supports that western is more advance than eastern in many cases. Bhabha, Homi.K. The Location of Culture. London : Routledge. 1994. Pdf Eigenauer , John D.The Geography of Thought. Bakersfield : Barrington Press. 2006. Pdf Said, Edward.W. Orientalism. England : Penguin Group, 1991. Reprinted Tyson, Lois. Critical Theory Today: A User-Friendly Guide. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2006. Print

Another example of argumentative writing's outline

Nurrohma Fitriana - Airlangga University 2012

The Outline of Argumentation Writing’s Assignment : 

Thesis sentence : The article is going to reveal the emergence of cultural memory which is depicted by Kwan Li as protagonist in Ami Tan’s novel The Hundret Secret Senses (1994) by using postcolonial literary criticism.

Introduction
- First paragraph : the reason of choosing Ami Tan’s novel and its issue
Thesis statement : Amy Tan's novel is attracted and accomodated the issue of postcolonial instead in which Chinese-American’s diaspora is related to cultural memory.
Supporting details : The novel’s award, Amy Tan’s background

 - Second paragraph : the reason of choosing postcolonial theorist,Hommi K.Bhabha
 Thesis statement : Hommi K.Bhabha (1994) will be the most suitable postcolonial theorist for analyzing the novel by pointing out his cultural memory
 Supporting details : Bhabha’s complete cultural memory aspects such as ‘space’, ‘archaic of memory’ and ‘slippage’

 - Third paragraph : correlation between cultural memory and diaspora
 Thesis statement : Diaspora has been creating memory of diasporic people who have undergone colonialism thus emerge cultural memory
 Supporting details : diaspora is rooted of postcolonial issue

 - Fourth paragraph : the reason of choosing supporting theorist, Stuart Hall
Thesis statement : Stuart Hall (1990) has proposed diaspora and identity thus he describes well toward its postcolonial issue
Supporting details : definition of diaspora, diaspora as transnational‘s strategy

 - Fifth paragraph : the reason of choosing prominent character and its issue.
 Thesis statement : Kwan Li is protagonist in The Hundred Secret Senses due to her prominent character that indicates cultural memory
Supporting details : Kwan Li as diasporic people, Kwan Li’s incarnations, Kwan Li’s cultural identity crisis, Kwan Li ‘slippage’

 - Sixth pharagraph : the reason of using qualitative approach and related studies
 Thesis statement : qualitative approach and related studies which elaborate toward cultural memory or Tan’s works will be used to conduct the analysis
 Supporting details : Begona Gonzalez’ More than Meet the Eye: Magic Realism in Amy Tan’s The Hundret Secret Senses ( 2003) and so on

 Discussion
- First paragraph : Kwan Li’s double temporality
 Thesis statement : The existence of Kwan Li’s previous incarnation’s memory constructs tendency of similar phenomenon within the double-temporality between present life and previous incarnation
Supporting details : incarnation in Chinese mythology

 - Second paragraph : Kwan as diasporic people
Thesis statement : Cultural memory in both lifes is rooted by Kwan’s diasporic society
 Supporting details : Kwan’s diaporic society in both lifes

- Third paragraph : Kwan’s cultural identity crisis
 Thesis statement : Cultural Identity Crisis which happened in previous incarnation is similar to Kwan’s present life
 Supporting details : hybridity, mimicri

- Fourth paragraph : Kwan as colonized people
Thesis statement : Representation Kwan Li as colonized people in her both lifes
Supporting details : Chinese is marginalized by white-American

- Fifth paragraph : Kwan Li’s ‘Slippage’ as cultural memory strategy
 Thesis statement : Kwan Li’s slippage covers remembrance as-mocking, remembrance as-retrieval, and her domination toward white-American
 Supporting details : Kwan’s counteracts the tendency to despair by doing remembrance as-mocking toward white-American, Kwan’s counteracts the tendency to despair by doing remembrance as-retrieval toward white-American, Kwan’s domination over Western by saving Olivia Bishop Conclusion : Kwan Li in Amy Tan’s The Hundred Secret Senses supports Bhabha’s cultural memory of diasporic people

Example of Outline

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Nurrohma Fitriana 120912124
 Outline of The Academic Paper :

Introduction 
Thesis questions :
 1. How is Kwan Li’s resistence in treating the white Americans and Europeans depicted in Amy Tan’s The Hundred Secret Senses?
2. How are the anxiety of racial difference and racial amalgamation represented in the novel?

The reason of writer’s interesting : The issue of colonial desire in postcolonialism is very attracted to be discussed. Even it happened long time ago, but the efects of postcolonialism are reflected until nowday. The novel that will be analyzed tells about the protagonist’ present and previous life because it brings the myth of incarnation. Kwan Li is the protagonist in this novel beside Olivia Bishop, a half Chinese-American, who is the only one person whose appearance is like a Chinese while her mother and brothers’ appearance are white Americans. Olivia belongs to be Kwan’s step sister. This interracial sisterhood release predicament situation, morover, they frequently connect their problem of identity with their previous life background. Kwan Li is a native of China who has been migrating to America as first generation of diasporic people. She embeds her mythology of China about yin-yang world and re-incarnation to Olivia Bishop, who try hard to reject and denny her origin. Olivia frequently feels anxious and bewildering with her origin behaviour thus she suffers of in-betweeness. Besides, Kwan Li also treats other white American with her resistence of American colonial desire (culturally). In her previous life, she was Nunumoo, a blind young girl who was the maid of Europeans Christian missionaris.
Although throughout her present or previous life she is treated as ‘other’, but her resistence of colonial desire protects her from otherness impression. Moreover, the white Americans and Europeans are influenced by her. Therefore, the paper’s writer has made up her mind to focus on Kwan. This issue is pretty attracted to be analyzed. Besides, there are still very few people who analyze about how anxious the colonizers are toward her identity when colonized people who used to be the other influence their behaviour.

 A brief intoduction of the work and theory : A phenomenal novel entitled The Hundred Secret Senses (1995) is novel which is full of postcolonial issues. This Amy Tan's third novel had won 1996 Orange Prize for Fiction and accomodated the issue of cross cultures and crisis identities. The novel is transleted into many languages and very famous. It tells about present and previous life of two interracial and intercultural sisters, Kwan Li and Olivia Bishop. The novel uses first person point of you to elaborate the story. Olivia’s point of view is used when it tells about present life while Kwan’s point of view is used when it tells the previous life. This paper will focus on how Kwan, who is the colonized in the concept of postcolonialism, emerges the anxiety of white Europeans-Americans’ cultural identity existence. Thus, the theory that will be used is postcolonial literary criticism by empasizing the issue of resistence from colonial desire. The term such as diaspora, hybridity, double visions, and cultural identity will be used frequently. The analysis will be supported by the data from Robert Young’s Colonial Desire (1994) and Bhabha’s Location of Culture (1994).

Discussion
The discussion will analyze about some points :
1. Kwan Li’s resistence in treating the white Americans and Europeans which is depicted in Amy Tan’s The Hundred Secret Senses. In this part, the paper will elaborate about the exsistence of Kwan’s colonial desire resistence. It also elaborates how Kwan, who is conolized person, treats white American (including Olivia) in her present life and treats white European in her previous life. It is based on narrative and other character’s point of view. Besides, it aims to find out the Chinese stereotype as other and American stereotype as self which then those binary oppositions are replaced each other.
 2. The anxiety of racial difference and racial amalgamation which are represented in the novel. It contains of how colonial desire is defeated by the colonized identity throughout the story. The focus is the same, Kwan Li. Several other colonized characters within the novel only supprots the analysis; Yiban -Simon Bishop’s (Olivia husband) previous incarnation- , Lao Lu (a Chinese maid who was bravely defeated the colonizer’s captain (Mr.Cape) and Lily aunt -a friend of Kwan’s aunt- who is able to cook very well thus Olivia who proud of her American behaviour is finally attracted. Throughout the novel, there is atmosfir of anxiety whether the colonizer behaviour is defeated by the colonized behaviour. It happens in both present and previous life.

Conclusion
Finally, the conclusion of the paper will answer the purpose of analysing this Tan’s literary work The Hundred Secret Senses.

The Phenomena of Cross-Dressing Which Happens Toward Indonesian Transvestities and Androginy

Nurrohma Fitriana Student Number : 120912124 Airlangga University 2012 Indonesia Introduction Gender is on occasion with sexuality eventhough those are actually different. The study of sex and power reveals the term of gender and sexuality. Both terms frequently used to be the similar definition when those are accepted by common society. Gender and sexuality are differenciated by object and field. As Beasley (2005) stated on his Gender and Sexuality : Critical Theoris, Critical Thinkers that gender tipically refers to social process of dividing up people and social practices along the line of sexed identities, gender divides sexed catagories into men and women while sexuality divides sexual catagories into hetero and homosexual. In gender field, we are able to learn about feminist and masculinity behaviour also. Gender relates to a case of creatures’ personality and behaviour which is built by their environment while sexuality is more as genetic and natural. Both cases could be heredity but in contrary, those two terms contain great difference perception. However, nowaday, many issues which are related to gender and sexuality are emerging. One of the issues is about cross-dressing which happens toward wider scope of Indonesian people. As the rapidly growth of media in spreading information, many more cross-dressed people pop out because of the emerging of changing perception toward gender and sexuality. In Indonesia, the phenomenon are mostly happened to people who work for entertainment field; actor, actress, singer (especially boyband and girlband vocal), designer, model, comedian, and many others. Cross-dressing has became attracted problem of gender and sexuality thus it is interesting to be discussed. Indeed, we relate cross-dressing phenomena as problem which is suffered by comedian who only want to enggage profesionalism in doing their job. Besides, cross-dressing id the method that is used by transvestities and androginy for declaring their gender choice. Actually, it is not as simple as we though when society have to differ whether a person is a transvetite or an androginy. Thus, this paper is going to reveal the differences of cross-dressing phenomena which happens toward Indonesian transvestite and androginy. Analysis Cross-dressing is a concept that is related to gender construction and the perception of sexual identity. Cross-dressing happens when a particular sex wear another opposite sex’ clothes; male wears female’s or female wears male’s. Clothing is the material culture that can be catagorized and indicated issues of sex, gender and even sexuality. Clothing expresses how people define themselves. Their attitudes also contribute the construction of selves. These elements finally demonstrate the prevailing culture towards gender and sex of the people. For understanding deeper about cross-dressing, Suthrell (2004) states that : “A study of cross-dressing cannot help but consider concepts of sexual orientation, polarity, and attributes of maleness/femaleness” (7). People who do cross-dressing have their own reasons. It is possible for them to cross their clothes with their opposite’s because they want to be freely in revealing their hidden emotion. This term is frequently connected with the term transvestisim and particular theorist declare the terms are similar instead. Transvestism is a part of transgender. Deborah (2005) asserts that transvestites and other transgendered people often feel threaten without reason when they face constant threat of violance. They use to violate the norms of heterosexuality and thereby often are threatened with violance or actually attacked. Thus, Suthrell proofs that by correlate between the existence of transvestities with the concept of cross-dressing. “Cross-dressing may also be a therapeutic reaction to social pressures male dual role transvestites often describe a feeling of relaxation and comfort when dressed in women’s clothes, which they are unable to attain when in the male ‘uniform’; releasing the male self from the regime of stereotypical male emotions through the outward and visible manifestation of wearing women’s clothes can be a form of ‘play’ .” (39) When a person make up his mind to be the opposite sex (in other words he changes his gender representation), he will feel uncomfortable for showing his counter natural sex behaviour. In other side, he really needs to explore his attitudes but the social norm still rejects counter natural sex behaviour. The usual social norm insists that ‘a man must be a man and a woman must be a woman’, while his perception is not the same. As consequently, he does cross-dressing for making his emotions are comfortable released. Thus, the concept of cross-dressing has very tight relationship with sex and gender. Moreover, cross-dressing is s form of gender representation. Kemp and Squires stated on Beasley’s that the term gender is dominant concept to analyze sexed identities and practices thus it could create perception of social relation and appraise people who are identified as men and women. In entertainment field, cross-dressing is utilised as entertaining purpose. The dolorous stereotype of transvestities who frequently do cross-dressing is used for econimic benefit. For more clear interpretation, let us define transvestism by using binary opposition revealed by Edward Said’s Orientalism (1976). Transvestities people are judges as ‘other’ while people who decide their gender as men or women are selves (‘self’). Thus, transvestities seems like marginalized society in which their existence is only joke. Thus, entertainment world takes this perception to be applicated with comedy. The presence of transvestite comedians is a fresh consolation for people nowaday. However, it is very profitable. Many television programs point out comedy such as extravaganza, sketsa and opera van java. There will be one or more transvestite comedian who join with a comedy program. Infact, the transvestite comedian is not a truly transvestite in the real world (out of stage). They only do cross-dressing in order creating their image as transvestite person. The definition of transvestism itself also implicates as subgender. As it is mentioned below : “The Oxford English Dictionary (1976) gives the definition of ‘transvest’ and subsequently, transvestism as ‘clothe (usually oneself) in other garments, especially those of the opposite sex’; and this meaning would appear to be universally accepted – that ‘trans’ = a/cross and ‘vest’ = ‘dress’.” (17). Cross-dressing which is done by the transvestites is totally different from androginy cross-dressing. Androginy covers role aspect of gender even also does cross-dressing that is commonly indicated of transvestism. Transvestities do cross-dressing for maintaining ther gender interpretation. Although androginy also covers the performance of opposite sex , but androginy people are not engaged with its behaviour while transvestities do not cover the role aspect as well as androginy people but cover behaviour of their opposite natural sexed identity. Thus, many androginies feel both feminine and masculine in same time without betray their origin sexed identity. It visualizes them as free and elegant in social construction. Through his work which is published on internet, Gramstad says that by having sexed identity and gender choice as androginy, you can be or have both at once (or neither), not only the one or the other. Besides, people can combine the various components of masculinity and femininity in any particular ways, and it is based on our individual preferences, our indovual needs as specific gender and our nature (the natural sex we inherit, not the specific gender we belong). On the contrary, a transvestite does cross dressing in order clarifiying himself as his opposite gender (man belongs to be a woman by using woman’s clothes). Transvestism try hard to avoid masculinity and engage femininity while androginy want to get both gender by doing cross-dressing. In many countries in the world especially in Indonesia, society still marginalize transvestism. Even community of androginy people, society still reject their existence. Eventhough, androginy community use to be the upper than the transvestite. Conclusion The changing of gender comes about the changing of social construction. Many more new communities are exist by labelling themselves as the new generation of gender reprentation. Thus, they do many way in order declaring their sexed identity. Cross-dressing is the way to clarify gender which is choosen by people. People wear their opposite sex’ clothing and change their role or behaviour instead. Transvestite and androginy do cross-dressing. A case that differ between them is about their manner. Transvestites consider to be their opposite sex (performance, role, behaviour) while androginy considers to compile both femininity and masculinity due to their performance. Work Cited Chris Beasley . Gender and Sexuality : Critical Theoris, Critical Thinkers. New Delhi : Sage Production. 2005. print http://folk.uio.no/thomas/gnd/androgyny.html accesed on Sunday 03.20 p.m November, 3rd 2012 Suthrell, Charlotte.2004. Unzipping Gender : Sex, Cross-Dressing, and Culture. New York : Berg Oxford International Publishers Ltd. Pdf Tolman, Deborah L. 2005. Dilemmas of Desire.United State of America : Harvard University Press Ltd. Pdf https://plus.google.com/106969103415133242757/about

feminist criticism

The Portrayal of Traditional Gender Role in Habiburrahman El Shirazy’s Pudarnya Pesona Cleopatra Nurrohma Fitriana (120912124) Student of English Department Faculty of Humanities Airlangga University, Indonesia 2012 Introduction Habiburrahman El Shirazy (1976) is an Indonesian writer whose literary works are full of Islamic idea, especially about relationship between women and men. Pudarnya Pesona Cleopatra (2006) is one of his novel which reveals traditional gender role of a woman as moslem. It is pretty interested because women’s feminimity has been promoting nowaday. In contrary, this modern novel still defend how Islam portrays women with their traditional gender role without humiliate the God’s omnipotence. Besides, Pudarnya Pesona Cleopatra got prestigious award called as ‘Pena Award National Best Novel 2006’. These reasons have became basic reason of Shirazy’s novel is choosen to be the object for analysis. This article is going to reveal the portrayal of traditional gender role in Habiburrahman El Shirazy’s Pudarnya Pesona Cleopatra by emphasizing Raihana as its prominent character. Therefore, feminist literary criticism will be the most suitable framework to conduct the analysis. The background of the author also supports how well the feminism issue in Islam was elaborated by the novel is. Habiburrahman’s education background proven that his religious aspect is constructed strong. After graduated from Madrasah Aliyah Program Khusus Surakarta in 1995, he continoued his study to Faculty of Ushuluddin in Al-Azhar University, Cairo until 1999. In 2001, he succeeded his Postgraduate Diploma in Imam Al-Baiquri's The Institute for Islamic Studies Cairo (www.goodreads.com, December 1st 2012). Raihana, the prominent character except the character ‘Aku’ in the novel, is a woman who holds tight Islamic principle as women. Indeed, she proposes the idea of traditional gender role in feminist criticism which is correlated by Islam’s point of view toward woman. The portrayal of Raihana is also shown from another character’s point of view, in the novel he is called as ‘Aku’ –first person’s point of view- whom Raihana’s husband. Therefore, this study is aimed to prove in which way Islam constructs ‘traditional gender role’ within Pudarnya Pesona Cleopatra. Yet, who is theorist describes ‘traditional gender role’ at best? Traditional gender role is one issue of feminist literary criticism. Feminist literary criticism is rooted from the understanding of women inferiority while its keyterm is the equivalent of right between men and women (Osborne 45). Further, Tyson (1999) describes traditional gender role division between man and woman that place “man as rational, strong, protective and decisive;...women as emotional (irrational), weak, nurturing, and submissive” (83). In the novel, Raihana will be analyzed thus she could be categorized as woman who fulfills traditional gender role or not and even she portrays how Islamic women must follow gender role in particular aspect. Thus, O’Conell will be the most suitable theorist for further explanation. This articel will be a qualitative research which is conducted by several limitation; 1) relationship between men and women which are portrayed, 2) Power relationships between men and women, 3) the constitution of masculinity and femininity. Besides, some related studies such as Alfian Rohmansyah’s Perspectif Feminimisme dalam Novel Layar Terkembang Karya Sultan Takdir AliSjahbana (2005) which revealed toward feminism sisterhood and also Novial Alifi’s Fanatisme Figur dalam novel Ksatria, Putri, dan Bintang Jatuh Karya Dewi Lestari dan Pudarnya Pesona Cleopatra Karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy (2010) which elaborated protagonist fanaticism in worshiping their lover. Analysis Pursuing women’s attitude as ‘women behaviour’ in traditional gender role is meant women have to create their image as weak and under men’s position in several sides. In feminist criticim, gender has became the main issue to be focused on. As Beasley (2005) stated on his Gender and Sexuality : Critical Theoris, Critical Thinkers ,gender tipically refers to social process of dividing up people and social practices along the line of sexed identities, gender divides sexed catagories into men and women while sexuality divides sexual catagories into hetero and homosexual. Traditional gender role puts women as more irrational and emotional than men. Although many debates toward traditional gender role, Lenahan O’Connell (1993) describes best the issue of gender within Habiburrahman El Shirazy’s Pudarnya Pesona Cleopatra. O’Connell does not oppose women to get work although they are still in the scope of traditional gender role. Therefore, it is categorized as liberal feminism in which the equivalent right for women and men to get job is similar (42). Besides, she asserts that raditional female gender role points out the existency women as agent of caregiving and nurturing, not as radical as mentioned by Tyson. A short brief introduction about the novel, Pudarnya Pesona Cleopatra is a novel that tells about woman’s loyalty in keeping her love to her husband. Novel, asserted by Wallek, Rene and Warren (1993), is an imagined story that proposes entertainment for the readers (27). There are several stories within this novel. But this article only points out a part entitled Pudarnya Pesona Cleopatra which is full of feminist issues. Raihana and her husband have marriage by their parents’ aggreement offer. By having education background in Middle East, Raihana’s husband has been imagining has a Middle East’s wive whose face is as pretty as diamond thus he could not love Raihana as well as he wants. It is mentioned by Shirazy (2006) : Tapi seleraku lain. Entah mengapa. Apakah mungkin telah begitu hanyut dengan citra gadis-gadis mesir titisan Cleopatra yang tinggi semampai? Yang berwajah putih jelita dengan hidung melengkung indah, mata bulat bening khas Arab, dan bibir merah halus menawan. Dalam balutan jilbab sutra putih wajah gadis Mesir itu bersinar-sinar, seperti permata Zabarjad yang bersih, indah berkilauan tertimpa sinar purnama. Sejuk dan mempesona. Jika tersenyum, lesung pipinya akan menyihir siapa saja yang melihatnya. Aura pesona kecantikan gadis-gadis mesir titisan Cleopatrasedemikian mengakar dalam otak dan perasaan dan hatiku… (3) Although Raihana was given bassic necessity of life by her husband, but she was not able to feel a turbulanced love from him. Knowing his husband’s longing made her live in depth sadness. Yet, she still holded on her principle as a Moslem that a wive has to be loyal and submissive belong to her husband. Besides, her choice in working as a teacher was also another reason she is alleged as woman who deals with O’Connell’s gender role ;equivalent right in getting job between man and woman. By still holding O’Connell argumentation that ‘woman is agent of nurturing and caregiving’, Raihana’s choice of her job as teacher is part of traditional gender role’s evidence. Teacher, however, is a job where a person give nurture and caring. Hence , this article believes woman as teacher is part of traditional gender role application. Furthermore, Raihana proves traditional gender role of woman as agent of caregiving. Woman as agent of caregiving has to deliver love and attention toward people around her, in the novel, it is meant for Raihana husband. Although her husband, a lecture, has been subjecting Raihana as only ordinary woman without giving her love from his heart, Raihana still tries hard to love him, as a loyal wive. By hiding her sadness, she tried hard to give attention toward her husband as well as she can. Beside hiding her sadness by only wrote her complaint in secret letter under her pillow, she prayed her husband continously ”…..jangan Engkau memurkai dia, dengan penuh cinta hamba telah memaafkan segala khilafnya, hamba tetap menyayanginya. Ya Allah berikanlah hamba kekuatan untuk tetap setia berbakti dan memuliakannya…” (12). Raihana, in proving that she is agent of nurturing, was struggling to convince her husband that she is the right woman for him to be loved. Beside worked as teacher, she was a good woman as Aida said about her : “...”Mbak Raihana itu orangnya baik kok, kak. Dia ramah, halus budi, sarjana pendidikan, penyabar, berjilbab, dan hafal Qur’an lagi. Pokoknya cocok deh buat kakak, ”komentar adikku, si Aida tentang calon isteriku”(2). Here, Shirazy portrais that woman is agent of nurturing by emphasizing Raihan’s character as friendly, patient, using hijab and so on. From explanation above, Shirazy through his Pudarnya Pesona Cleopatra portrays the relationship between woman and man characters. Man is portrait more powerful and has more intention than woman. In another side, woman, as her origin God’s omnipotence must obey her husband’s commands. Although, she is not treated as well as she wants. However, she still has right to get equivalent right in getting job, delivering her opinions or enduring her position. This construction of woman to follow traditional gender role is elaborated well by the novel. The correlation with religious aspect can not betray its feminist issue. Conclusion Habiburrahman El Shirazy’s Pudarnya Pesona Cleopatra (2006) is a novel that points out woman’s gender role in family (woman’s manner toward her husband). Raihana, the prominent woman character in the novel, is portrayed as woman who follows O’Connell’s traditional gender role in which a woman is agent for nurturing and caregiving. Indirectly, Shirazy has delivered his understanding of Islam’s point of view toward woman as a wive. Women are bordered as loyal creature who have to obey her husband. Work Cited Chris Beasley . Gender and Sexuality : Critical Theoris, Critical Thinkers. New Delhi : Sage Production. 2005. print Html.Forum.detik.com/hobi/buku-komik/habiburrahman+el+shirazy is accessed on Saturday 8.29 pm December, 1st 2012 http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/489970.Habiburrahman_El_Shirazy is accessed on Saturday 8.29 pm December, 1st 2012 Novial Alifi, Asril. Fanatisme Figur dalam novel Ksatria, Putri, dan Bintang Jatuh Karya Dewi Lestari dan Pudarnya Pesona Cleopatra Karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy. 2010. Online : http://geraikata.wordpress.com/2010/08/10 O ' C o n n e l l, L e n a h a n . Plans for Balancing Work and Family Life: Do Women Pursuing Nontraditional and Traditional Occupations Differ? In Sex Roles. Vol. 20 Number 1/2. 1989. Pdf Osborne, Susan. Feminims :Pocket Essential Ideas. Britain : Pocket Ideas. 2001. Pdf Shirazy, habiburrahman El. 2006. Pudarnya Pesona Cleopatra. Penerbit Republika, Jakarta Tyson, Lois. Critical Theory Today: A User-Friendly Guide. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2006. Print Wellek, Rene dan Austin Warren. 1993. Teori Kesusastraan. Transleted by Melani Budianta. Jakarta: Gramedia.

classification essay by NURROHMS FITRIANA 120912124

I. Introductory
a. General statement : There are several kinds of roomin a house
b. Thesis statement : A house consist of rooms such as living room, dining room, kitchen, family room, bedroom, bathroom and garage.

II. Body
a. Thesis sentence : Living room is the place for guest who come to the home
- Supporting sentence : This room use to enjoyable and better than other rooms.
- Supporting sentence : There are many furniture in this room.
b. Thesis sentence : The second is dining room, the room that consider to eat together and next to kitchen
- Supporting sentence : Dining room is the room which is usually located next to the kitchen
- Supporting sentence : Kitchen is the place for cooking
- Supporting sentence : Many houses don’t have specific room foe eating such dining room.
c. Thesis sentence : There is also a family room as the part of a house.
- Supporting sentence : In the family room, a family gets in touch between family members.
- Supporting sentence : Here, there is a television or other electronic devices which have function in making family members become closer each other.
- Supporting sentence : Furthermore, this is the most relaxful room in a house.
d. Thesis sentence : The next room is bedroom, the place which family members take a rest
- Supporting sentence : Bedroom is the private room because each of family members has one as their room
- Supporting sentence : Although this is a private room, it depends on the family’s habbitually.
- Supporting sentence : For many families in Indonesia, bedroom is not that private because it is just a place for sleeping.
e. Thesis sentence : Beside of those rooms, there is the most private room which is called as bathroom.
- Supporting sentence : It is the most important room and all of buildings have it.
- Supporting sentence : Moreover, people can not live healthy if there is no bathroom in their house.
- Supporting sentence : Bathroom is the most private room because people have to put off their clothes when they want to take a bath.
f. Thesis sentence : Finally, we can find garage as the part of rooms in a house
- Supporting sentence : Garage is the place for saving and parking the vehicles.
- Supporting sentence : Unfortunately, many houses especially in the village don’t have garage and just put their vehicle in the yard or living room.
III. Conclusion
a. Thesis sentence : These are the rooms in a house that you have to know.









The Parts of A House

A house is a building where people spend their time when they are out of activities. A house must be an enjoyable and friendly building, because it is very important for people’s phsycological condition. There are several kinds of room in a house. A house consist of rooms such as living room, dining room, kitchen, family room, bedroom, bathroom and garage. Here, I’m going to expalain them one by one.
Living room is the place for guest who come to the home. This room use to enjoyable and better than other rooms. It is because a house is valued by the appearance of rooms which the guests able to see. Actually, living room is the room that guest use to see. There are many furniture in this room. The furniture are sofa or clutches, vas and its flowers, beautiful table, gucci, family photos, and some other things.
The second is dining room, the room that consider to eat together and next to kitchen. Dining room is the room which is usually located next to the kitchen. As we have known, kitchen is the place for cooking. Kitchen is always there in a house, it is different with the dining room. Many houses don’t have specific room for eating such dining room.
There is also a family room as the part of a house. In the family room, a family gets in touch between family members. Here, there is a television or other electronic devices which have function in making family members become closer each other. Furthermore, this is the most relaxful room in a house.
The next room is bedroom, the place which family members take a rest. Bedroom is the private room because each of family members has one as their room. Although this is a private room, it depends on the family’s habbitually. For many families in Indonesia, bedroom is not that private because it is just a place for sleeping.
Beside of those rooms, there is the most private room which is called as bathroom. It is the most important room and all of buildings have it. Moreover, people can not live healthy if there is no bathroom in their house. Bathroom is the most private room because people have to put off their clothes when they want to take a bath.
Finally, we can find garage as the part of rooms in a house. Garage is the place for saving and parking the vehicles. Unfortunately, many houses especially in the village don’t have garage and just put their vehicle in the yard or living room. It is because there is not reminded place which could be used as a garage. The place is limited. As the result, people use to put their vehicle in the yard or next to living room.
These are the rooms in a house that you have to know. This case is very simple but it is pretty important to be evaluated because house is the most important building for our life. Hopefully, this article will be useful for us in thinking about our future home.